Photovoltaics systems (PV) are those that use the free solar available energy by converting it into electric energy. PV modules are divided in 3 main categories according the manufacturing technology: Polycrystalline, with average efficiency 11-14%, monocrystalline with average efficiency 12-16% and amorphous with average efficiency 6-8% respectively.
Depending the area of use they can be divided in two categories: Autonomous (off grid) PV systems and Grid connected systems. The energy generated from the PV in a grid connected system is sold directly to the grid operator. In the off grid system the energy is stored in batteries in order to be used in time periods where the sun is not available. The off grid systems can be upgraded into hybrid system by adding a wind generator or a diesel driven generator respectively. |